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991.
Paula Pongrac Fang-Jie Zhao Jaka Razinger Alexis Zrimec Marjana Regvar 《Environmental and Experimental Botany》2009,66(3):479-486
In a model hyperaccumulation study a Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens accession Ganges and a recently reported Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspi praecox grown in increasing Cd and Zn concentrations in the substrate and in field collected polluted soil were compared. Plant biomass, concentrations of Cd and Zn, total chlorophylls and anthocyanins, antioxidative stress parameters and activities of selected antioxidative enzymes were compared. Increasing Cd, but not Zn in the substrate resulted in the increase of biomass of roots and shoots of T. praecox and T. caerulescens. The two species hyperaccumulated Cd in the shoots to a similar extent, whereas T. caerulescens accumulated more Zn in the shoots than T. praecox. Cadmium amendment decreased total chlorophyll concentration and glutathione reductase activity, and increased non-protein thiols concentration only in T. praecox, suggesting that it is less tolerant to Cd than T. caerulescens. In the field-contaminated soil, T. caerulescens accumulated higher Cd concentrations; but as T. praecox produced higher biomass, both species have similar ability to extract Cd. 相似文献
992.
Shunhua Ding Qingtao Lu Yan Zhang Zhipan Yang Xiaogang Wen Lixin Zhang Congming Lu 《Plant molecular biology》2009,69(5):577-592
To investigate the possible mechanisms of glutathione reductase (GR) in protecting against oxidative stress, we obtained transgenic
tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants with 30–70% decreased GR activity by using a gene encoding tobacco chloroplastic GR for the RNAi construct. We investigated
the responses of wild type and transgenic plants to oxidative stress induced by application of methyl viologen in vivo. Analyses
of CO2 assimilation, maximal efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry, leaf bleaching, and oxidative damage to lipids demonstrated
that transgenic plants exhibited enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress. Under oxidative stress, there was a greater decrease
in reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio but a greater increase in reduced glutathione in transgenic plants than in wild type
plants. In addition, transgenic plants showed a greater decrease in reduced ascorbate and reduced to oxidized ascorbate ratio
than wild type plants. However, there were neither differences in the levels of NADP and NADPH and in the total foliar activities
of monodehydroascorbate reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase between wild type and transgenic plant. MV treatment induced
an increase in the activities of GR, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Furthermore, accumulation of
H2O2 in chloroplasts was observed in transgenic plants but not in wild type plants. Our results suggest that capacity for regeneration
of glutathione by GR plays an important role in protecting against oxidative stress by maintaining ascorbate pool and ascorbate
redox state. 相似文献
993.
Oluwatayo F. Ikotun Elizabeth M. Higbee Wayne Ouellette Robert P. Doyle 《Journal of inorganic biochemistry》2009,103(9):1254-1264
Recently, we have observed the emergence of a new series of pyrophosphate-bridged coordination complexes. Such complexes have been prepared by overcoming the ready hydrolysis of the pyrophosphate moiety. To date, no exploration has been conducted on the cytotoxicity of such complexes. Three pyrophosphate-bridged complexes, namely {[Ni(phen)2]2(μ-P2O7)}·27H2O, {[Cu(phen)(H2O)]2(μ-P2O7)}·8H2O and {[Co(phen)2]2(μ-P2O7)}·6MeOH, (where phen is 1,10′-phenanthroline) were chosen for their comparative structural similarities and suitable aqueous solubility. Cytotoxicity studies in the adriamycin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line A2780/AD demonstrated highly significant efficacy, with values as low as 160 pM for the cobalt complex at 72 h. The underlying mechanism for such exceptional toxicity is investigated focusing on DNA interactions, topoisomerase I enzyme inhibition and oxidative stress (followed by intracellular glutathione levels). The role of hydrolysis in uptake and toxicity is also explored (followed by electronic absorption spectroscopy, 31P NMR, and confocal microscopy) and the complexes are compared to cisplatin controls. Overall a clear picture of the extraordinary toxicity emerged. The results demonstrate a new class of prodrugs with significant potential for future development for the treatment of drug-resistant cancer cell lines. 相似文献
994.
Arumugam Geetha Panneerselvam Saranya Sam Annie Jeyachristy Rajagopal Surendran Arunachalam Sundaram 《Biological trace element research》2009,130(3):229-240
Altered copper homeostasis and oxidative stress have been observed in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Non-ceruloplasmin
copper, the free form, is a potent pro-oxidant than the protein bound copper. The aim of the present study was to evaluate
which form of copper can be correlated with the oxidative stress in the circulation and in the malignant liver tissues of
hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Hepatocellular carcinoma patients (grades II and III, n = 18) were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of total, free and bound copper, ceruloplasmin, iron, iron-binding capacity,
lipid peroxidation products, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were quantified in serum and in malignant liver
tissues and compared with those of normal samples (n = 20). A significant positive correlation between the serum non-ceruloplasmin copper and lipid peroxidation products and
negative correlation with antioxidants were observed in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. In liver tissue, glutathione peroxidase,
superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity were significantly decreased with concomitant elevation in oxidative stress markers.
Our experiment revealed that the elevation in non-ceruloplasmin copper has high relevance with the oxidative stress than the
bound copper. 相似文献
995.
Moderate heat stress has been reported to increase PSI cyclic electron flow (CEF). We subjected leaves of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants disrupted in the regulation of one or the other pathway of CEF flow—crr2 (chlororespiratory reduction, deficient in regulation of chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-dependent CEF) and pgr5 (proton gradient regulation, proposed to have reduced efficiency of antimycin-A-sensitive-CEF regulation) to moderate heat stress. Light-adapted leaves
were switched from 23 to 40°C in 2 min. Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, the electrochromic shift (ECS), and P700 were
measured. Photosynthesis of crr2 and pgr5 was more sensitive to heat and had less ability to recover than the genetic background gl. The proton conductance in light was increased by heat and it was twice as much in pgr5, which had much smaller light-induced proton motive force. We confirmed that P700 becomes more reduced at high temperature
and show that, in contrast, the proportion of PSII open centers (with Q
A oxidized) increases. The two mutants had much slower P700+ reduction rate during and after heat than gl. The proportion of light absorbed by PSI versus PSII was increased in gl and crr2 during and after heat treatment, but not in pgr5. We propose that heat alters the redox balance away from PSII and toward PSI and that the regulation of CEF helps photosynthesis
tolerate heat stress. 相似文献
996.
997.
Jacob N. Barney J. Jeremiah Mann Guy B. Kyser Eduardo Blumwald Allen Van Deynze Joseph M. DiTomaso 《Plant science》2009,177(6):724-732
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a native of eastern and central North America, is a leading candidate as a dedicated biofuel feedstock in the US due to its broad adaptability, rapid growth rate, and ability to grow in low production soils. To begin to characterize the important agronomic and ecological traits related to environmental tolerance of switchgrass, we evaluated fitness under stressful growing conditions. We assessed the germination, establishment, performance, and reproductive potential of four common accessions, both upland and lowland ecotypes, at various levels of soil moisture availability (moisture deficit to flooded) in the greenhouse. Seeds emerged and established (55–90% survival) under all soil moisture conditions (−0.3 MPa to flooded). Transplants of lowland ecotypes performed as well in flooded conditions as in field capacity controls, though flooding reduced performance of upland ecotypes. Drought treatments (−4.0 and −11.0 MPa) reduced tiller length and number, leaf area, and biomass production by up to 80%. However, once established, all plants survived at −4.0 MPa and had the same proportion of tillers in flower as at field capacity. The ability of switchgrass to germinate, establish, and flower in low moisture and flooded conditions, particularly lowland ecotypes, may increase the range of environments suitable for biofuel cultivation, and can serve as a baseline for further ecological studies and genetic improvement. 相似文献
998.
Brittany D. Kammerer Dietmar Kültz 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》2009,179(4):535-542
The time-course of programmed cell death (apoptosis) during reorganization of gill epithelium in salinity-stressed tilapia
was analyzed using a recently developed method based on laser scanning cytometry (LSC) of dissociated gill cells. Apoptosis
in mitochondria-rich cells (MRC) was distinguished from that in other cell types using Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA) as a cell-specific marker. Caspase 3/7 activity in MRC, assessed using LSC and microplate assays, increased
significantly starting at 6 h of salinity stress and remained elevated for at least 5 days. This time-course of apoptosis
in MRC during acute salinity stress was reflected in elevated apoptotic DNA fragmentation. In parallel to induction of apoptosis,
MRC showed a pronounced shift to G2 phase of the cell cycle, which is indicative of G2/M cell cycle arrest, and an increase
in NKA abundance per MRC. Unlike in MRC, apoptosis was not significantly increased in other gill cell types, although there
was a small transient increase in DNA fragmentation at 6 h. G2 arrest was also observed. Overall, we interpret our data as
evidence for a significant role of apoptosis in the extensive reorganization of MRC populations that takes place during salinity
acclimation, perhaps similar to its well-established role during organismal development. 相似文献
999.
A. RYAN C. COJOCARIU M. POSSELL W. J. DAVIES & C. N. HEWITT 《Plant, cell & environment》2009,32(1):31-45
This study examined whether two genotypes of hybrid poplar ( Populus deltoides × Populus trichocarpa ), previously classified as ozone tolerant and ozone sensitive, had differing physiological and biochemical responses when fumigated with 120 nL L−1 ozone for 6 h per day for eight consecutive days. Isoprene emission rate, ozone uptake and a number of physiological and biochemical parameters were investigated before, during and after fumigation with ozone. Previous studies have shown that isoprene protects plants against oxidative stress. Therefore, it was hypothesized that these two genotypes would differ in either their basal isoprene emission rates or in the response of isoprene to fumigation by ozone.
Our results showed that the basal emission rates of isoprene, physiological responses and ozone uptake rates were all similar. However, significant differences were found in visible damage, carotenoids, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), thiobarbituric acid reactions (TBARS) and post-fumigation isoprene emission rates. It is shown that, although the classification of ozone tolerance or sensitivity had been previously clearly and carefully defined using one particular set of parameters, assessment of other key variables does not necessarily lead to the same conclusions. Thus, it may be necessary to reconsider the way in which plants are classified as ozone tolerant or sensitive. 相似文献
Our results showed that the basal emission rates of isoprene, physiological responses and ozone uptake rates were all similar. However, significant differences were found in visible damage, carotenoids, hydrogen peroxide (H
1000.
RU ZHANG JEFFREY A. CRUZ DAVID M. KRAMER MARIA E. MAGALLANES-LUNDBACK DEAN DELLAPENNA & THOMAS D. SHARKEY 《Plant, cell & environment》2009,32(11):1538-1547
We measured the Δ Ψ and ΔpH components of the transthylakoid proton motive force ( pmf ) in light-adapted, intact tobacco leaves in response to moderate heat. The Δ Ψ causes an electrochromic shift (ECS) in carotenoid absorbance spectra. The light–dark difference spectrum has a peak at 518 nm and the two components of the pmf were separated by following the ECS for 25 s after turning the light off. The ECS signal was deconvoluted by subtracting the effects of zeaxanthin formation (peak at 505 nm) and the qE-related absorbance changes (peak at 535 nm) from a signal measured at 520 nm. Heat reduced ΔpH while Δ Ψ slightly increased. Elevated temperature accelerated ECS decay kinetics likely reflecting heat-induced increases in proton conductance and ion movement. Energy-dependent quenching (qE) was reduced by heat. However, the reduction of qE was less than expected given the loss of ΔpH. Zeaxanthin did not increase with heat in light-adapted leaves but it was higher than would be predicted given the reduced ΔpH found at high temperature. The results indicate that moderate heat stress can have very large effects on thylakoid reactions. 相似文献